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Unsere Forschungsergebnisse

Hier möchten wir die Ergebnisse unserer Forschungsaktivitäten darstellen und einen Überblick über die Themen geben, die uns drei Jahre lang beschäftigt und begleitet haben. Wir haben ganze sieben Paper veröffentlichen können, die wir im Folgenden vorstellen möchten.

Keywords: Mensch und Technik; Produktionsarbeit; Sensoren

Demonstratoren im Industrie 4.0-Kontext

Luca Dörr, Sascha Julian Oks, J. Trezl, Tobias Reichenstein, Spyridon Georg Koustas, Claudia Lehmann

Industry 4.0 provides not only a large number of potentials, but also a considerable increase in complexity. Demonstrators offer a value-adding contribution… to counter this effectively. Their utilization enables user-centered system development with an accompanying reduction in complexity through modeling and simulation. This article examines their potential in the case of the ConSensE project with a focus on sensor technologies and retrofitting.

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Keywords: Digital transformation; SME; Organizational digital transformation; Sensor; Digital servitization; Capabilities

The struggle of sensor-based digital servitization: analysis and perspectives for organizational digital transformation in SMEs

Thomas Trabert, Luca Dörr, Claudia Lehmann

Purpose: The organizational digital transformation (ODT) in companies presents small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – who remain at the beginning of this transformation – with the challenge of offering digital services based on sensor technologies. Against this backdrop, the present paper identifies ways SMEs can enable digital servitization through sensor technology and defines… the possible scope of the organizational transformation process. Design/methodology/approach: Around 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from different hierarchical levels across the German manufacturing SME ecosystem. Using the Gioia methodology, fields of action were identified by focusing on influencing factors and opportunities for developing these digital services to offer them successfully in the future. Findings: The complexity of existing sensor offerings must be mastered, and employees' (data) understanding of the technology has increased. Knowledge gaps, which mainly relate to technical and organizational capabilities, must be overcome. The potential of sensor technology was considered on an individual, technical and organizational level. To enable the successful implementation of service offerings based on sensor technology, all relevant stakeholders in the ecosystem must network to facilitate shared value creation. This requires standardized technical and procedural adaptations and is an essential prerequisite for data mining. Originality/value: Based on this study, current problem areas were analyzed, and potentials that create opportunities for offering digital sensor services to manufacturing SMEs were identified. The identified influencing factors form a conceptual framework that supports SMEs' future development of such services in a structured manner.

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Keywords: Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Machine Vision; Assembly; Quality Inspection

Implementation of Machine Vision based Quality Inspection in Production: An Approach for the Accelerated Execution of Case Studies

Tobias Reichenstein, Tim Raffin, Christian Sand, Jörg Franke

The implementation of machine vision based quality inspection systems increases productivity and reduces human error during visual inspection, thus improving product quality. During the planning process of these inspection systems,… case studies are executed to evaluate and ensure applicability, which so far has been an iterative and inefficient process due to the lack of existing methodologies and guidelines. Therefore, this paper presents a holistic approach for efficiently executing case studies to plan and implement machine vision based quality inspection systems in production. An evaluation via an industrial use-case resulted in a significantly quicker planning process.

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Keywords: digital shadow; Industry 4.0; servitization; product-service systems

Toward a structured concept for purpose-driven modeling of a digital shadow in manufacturing

Tobias Reichenstein, Spyridon Georg Koustas, Alexander Roßner, Moritz Meiners, Jörg Franke

The growing relevance of Industry 4.0-related technologies and the transformation toward service-oriented business models in manufacturing requires relevant, high-qualitative data. The digital representation of operation and manufacturing under a specific purpose is called… a digital shadow (DS). Although this purpose represents the decisive factor between different digital shadows, its systematic determination has been addressed insufficiently. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic, purpose-driven modeling approach for the digital shadow supporting manufacturing companies in developing a data basis for applications. This approach is applied to a crimping machine as an example and will be optimized in future evaluations.

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Keywords: Blockchain; Smart Contracts; ERC-721 NFTs; Industry 4.0; IIoT

A blockchain-based IIoT traceability system: ERC-721 tokens for Industry 4.0

Spyridon Georg Koustas, Max Jalowski, Tobias Reichenstein, Sascha Julian Oks

As manufacturing firms increasingly utilize IIoT technologies and sensor data is integrated into their processes, centralized architectures and the expansion of value creation networks pose challenges regarding data integrity and transparency. This offers … an application context for the blockchain and smart contract technologies. Through a design science research approach a prototypical instantiation in form of a private Ethereum blockchain with RFID sensors as data inputs and ERC-721 tokens is created. The artifact is implemented into an industrial demonstrator, where the immutable tracking of workpieces during their production processes and the algorithm execution time are evaluated in trial runs.

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Keywords: Smart product-service systems (sPSS); industrial demonstrator; cyber-physical modeling and simulation (CPMS); Industry 4.0 maturity index

Demonstrating industrial smart product-service systems: Industry 4.0 maturity through stakeholder-oriented development and testing

Spyridon Georg Koustas, Tobias Reichenstein, Sascha Julian Oks, Jonathan Fuchs, Kathrin M. Möslein

Servitization and the increasing use of digital technologies have led to the emergence of smart product-service systems (sPSS). Although sPSS offer wide-ranging potentials for manufacturing firms, the heterogeneity of technological stacks and their cross-disciplinary nature… pose challenges concerning their development and the articulation of value propositions. This paper proposes a stakeholder-oriented, prototypical environment for developing and testing sPSS scenarios using a modular demonstrator. The demonstrator offers a concrete representation of manufacturing processes and allows different stakeholder groups to communicate their requirements and expectations. Three scenarios with increasing technological complexity are implemented to present the value-creating potential of industrial sPSS.

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Keywords: Smart product-service systems (sPSS); industrial demonstrator; cyber-physical modeling and simulation (CPMS); Industry 4.0 maturity index

Cyber-Physical Systems in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Review, Categorization and Outlook

Sascha Julian Oks, Max Jalowski, Michael Lechner, Stefan Mirschberger, Marion Merklein, Birgit Vogel-Heuser & Kathrin M. Möslein

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) offer great potential for the digital transformation of industrial value creation in the context of Industry 4.0. They unify and integrate several technological approaches, including big data analysis and artificial intelligence, enhancing real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing processes. An extensive… knowledge base formed by various disciplines, including information systems, engineering, and computer science, already exists for CPS. However, this knowledge has not been holistically captured and structured to date. To address this research gap, this study conducts a large-scale literature review of 2365 papers representing the current state of the research and then develops a novel categorization on industrial CPS with 10 sections, 32 areas, and 246 fields. The categorization is presented in hierarchical graphical form and can also be utilized as a web tool. To conclude, a perspective on future research needs and potentials to enhance Industry 4.0 in both research and practice are offered.

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